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77-02: Proper Start Up of Cooling Towers Systems - Prevent Initial Corrosion anThe initial startup of a new recirculating cooling tower system can either result in a substantial reduction in the life expectancy of the heat exchangers and it can cause difficulties in maintaining heat transfer just weeks after startup or, it can provide trouble free operation and long life to the equipment. This depends largely on how you prepare for and carry out the initial startup. This preparation is based on the knowledge of what the system

CooliSS is based on a chemical mass balance model and can provide previsions of cooling water chemistry evolution within the cooling circuit

Both water and energy are critical natural resources that are interrelated in both their production and delivery

The root cause analysis recommended immediate investigation into the mechanical integrity of all plant cooling tower fans and vibration detection equipment

plant processes

point sources

scale inhibition is related crucially to characteristics of water flow

Control of water treatment chemistry utilizing instrument measurement of system water flow and cycles of concentration provides precise control of chemical additives

This paper identifies cooling tower operating practices that may create increased piping loads and provides deep considerations that can help prevent catastrophic pipe failures

Further power reductions may be realized as a result of lower cascade flow losses and improved airfoil insensitivity to roughness effects

a new spary nozzle for cooling tower applications was developed in co-operation with leading spray nozzle experts over the last three years

On-line chemical analysis is not needed

Plants faced with severe effluent restrictions have looked to high cycle or zero-blowdown is discussed in light of current phosphonate/polymer technology and a newly developed non-phosphorus scale control additive

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